World Congress and Expo on Applied Microbiology August 18-20, 2015 Frankfurt, Germany

Biography:

Dr. Kathrin I. Mohr studied biology at the TU Braunschweig. During her postdoctoral time she investigated the “Biodiversity of algae and cyanobacteria in calcifying biofilms” and “in soil crusts from Namibia and South Africa” at the University of Göttingen. Since 2009 she works as a scientist at the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, department Microbial Drugs, Braunschweig. Her main focus is set on the isolation of myxobacteria and their screen and enhancement of production of new and known secondary metabolites. She is author and co-author of about 30 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Myxobacteria harbor an enormous potential for new bioactive secondary metabolites and are at the focus of natural product research in our group since more than 30 years. Within this time more than 100 new substances and about 600 derivatives have been isolated from these fascinating bacteria. New groups of myxobacteria turned out to be particularly promising candidates for the discovery of unknown metabolites. Therefore the isolation of hitherto undescribed myxobacteria is of high importance. To examine our cultivation success with extended standard methods, the diversity of myxobacteria present in sand from Kiritimati Island and German compost was evaluated by both cultivation-based and -independent methods. Phylogenetic analyses of cultured and uncultured 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed a big potential of undescribed myxobacteria in both sampling sites which were detected by clone bank analyses but not by cultivation. A total of 79 myxobacteria-related sequences were identified from clones of the libraries from these two samples which grouped into 12 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) on basis of 99 % sequence similarity. Cultivation of exclusively bacteriolytic myxobacteria revealed 42 strains from the genera Myxococcus, Corallococcus, Archangium, and Polyangium, whereby the genera Myxococcus and Corallococcus were represented by both approaches. But even in this well studied genera, as well as in the suborders Sorangiineae and Nannocystineae, a considerable number of clones were assigned to, if any, uncultivated organisms. However, high deficits are demonstrated in the cultivation of the remaining myxobacterial diversity. Especially clades which are exclusively represented by clones are of high interest with regard the cultivation of new bioactive secondary metabolite-producers.

Biography:

Hui-Ping Chuang has completed her PhD from Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan, and Postdoctoral studies from Hiroshima University, Japan and National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan. She is a Postdoctoral fellow in the Global Water Quality Research Center, NCKU, Taiwan. She has published 8 papers in reputed journals, and is specialized in the fields of biological treatment systems and improvement & application of molecular tools.

Abstract:

Cyclic Low Energy Ammonium Removal (Cleargreen) System is one type of the energy-saving de-ammonification system. A pilot scale Cleargreen system, with a feeding rate of 6.9 m3/day effluent water from a secondary wastewater treatment, has been tested in South Australia for 2 years. During a 450-day operation, the system gave a high ammonia removal of 80-85% with nitrite up to 150 mg N/L in the effluent. During the operation, 30 samples were taken for analysis of 454 pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Analysis of 454 pyrosequencing showed that four nitrogen-related groups, family Nitrosomonadaceae, Nitrospiraceae, Brocadiaceae and Rhodobacteraceae, were detected, although all of them werebelow 4% of total bacterial population. Furthermore, the decrease of Comamonadace population was observed with the increasing of NH4+-N removal; while Brocadiaceae population was found to increase as NH4+-N removal was higher than 50%. qPCR results indicated that Nitrospira and other denitrifying groups containing nirS gene dominated in the system with the abundance of 5×1010 cell/mgVSS. Two ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea groups, Nitrobacter and anammox were detected at 103 - 106 cell/mg VSS. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea increased with increasing NH4+-N removal when NH4+-N oxidation ratio was below 50%, while anammox bacteria group positively related withthe removal of ammonia and total nitrogen removal. For microbial diversity of targeted nitrogen-related microbes, results from both 454 pyrosequencing and qPCR methods indicated that anammox bacteria could be enriched in the Cleargreen system, accompanying with the vicissitudes of other nitrogen-related microbes.

Biography:

Abstract:

Biography:

Alfred Y Itah did his BSc (Hons.) in Microbiology (1983), Calabar, Nigeria and PhD (1987) at Graduate School Board and Senate of the University of Calabar following his excellent performance in MSc course work examinations. He worked as a Professor of Environmental and Public Health Microbiology (2004); Head, Department of Microbiology (2001-2006). He was elected as Dean, Faculty of Science (2008-2010) and re-elected as Dean (UNOPPOSED, 2010-2012). He is a member of 10 learned societies including the Nigerian Society for Microbiology and American Board of Research Advisors. He has more than 51 scientific publications in reputable national and international journals with high impact factor. He is a Consultant Environmental and Public Health Microbiologist (Since 1998) and Litigation Expert Witness on crude oil pollution matters (Since 2000). He has attended more than 22 scientific conferences and is the Editorial Board Member and Editor-in-Chief to some reputable journals in Nigeria.

Abstract:

The microbiological, biochemical changes and biogas production during composition of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) for 42 weeks were studied using standard analytical procedures. The nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbon-nitrogen ratio, heavy metals and proximate composition were also assayed. The results revealed abundance and heterogeneity in genera and species of heterotrophic bacteria and fungi which included Micrococcus luteus, Klebsiella aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus megaterium, Absidia repes, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus glaucus, Fusarium oxysporium, Mucor haemalis, Helminthosporium satiuum, Saccharomyces uvarum and Candida pseudotropicalis. Mean aerobic and anaerobic bacterial densities ranged from 2.9 x 105 to 5.0 x 105 cfu/g and 2.7 x 105 to 4.7 x 105 cfu/g respectively while fungal densities ranged from 3.3 x 105 to 7.4 x 105cfu/g. Successional studies revealed primary colonizers of the compost comprised both bacteria (29.6%) and fungi (66.7%) with a pH range of 7.8 to 8.5.The results also revealed high levels of heavy metals ranging from 8.78 to 0.19 mg/I for iron, 4.80 to 0.48 mg/I for sodium, 2.79 to 0.08 mg/I for calcium, 2.53 to 0.40 mg/I for zinc, 2.41 to 0.07 mg/I for cadmium, 2.23 to 0.20 mg/I for lead and 1.89 to 0.22 mg/I for copper. The high level of Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium (NPK) ranged from 1.62 to 0.10 mg/I, 11.33 to 0.17 mg/I and 8.66 to 0.11 mg/l respectively while proximate compositional studies showed varying levels of carbohydrate (76.53% to 23.94%), protein (10.15% to 0.68%), lipids (0.54% to 0.48%), ash (8.00% to 90%), fiber (4.78% to 31.00%), moisture (63.00% to 63.55%) and organic matter (92.00% to 56.10%) respectively, with a positive correlation (p<0.05) in ash and fiber content over time. Anaerobic digestion of 2,750g of the OPEFB yielded biogas in the range of 0.035 m3 to 0.035 m3. The results underscore the use of OPEFB as organic fertilizer and suggest additional value as a good source of renewable energy rather than waste in developing countries.

Biography:

A.O. Ojokoh is an Associate Professor in the department of Microbiology of the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. His current research interests include Food Microbiology and Extrusion and Fermentation Technology. He has published several papers in learned journals and academic conferences. He has visited the Institute of Food Processing, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China a number of times for research. He has been involved in several important research projects. He is a Member of The Society of Industrial Microbiology (SIM), USA, Nigerian Society of Microbiology (NSM), Biotechnology Society of Nigeria (BSN) and Association of Industrial Microbiologists of Nigeria (AIMN). He has supervised several Masters and Ph.D theses in Food and Industrial Microbiology.

Abstract:

Mucuna beans flour fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum was evaluated in vitro and in vivo for probiotic activities in this investigation. L. plantarum used were isolated from ‘ogi’ made from sorghum thereafter, it was screened for growth and survival in the mucuna beans flour. At the end of 72 hour fermentation at 37ºC, the L. plantarum showed appreciable growth (8.83x106 cfu/g). After storage for 14 days at refrigeration (4±20C) and room temperature (25±20C), there was a considerable increase in the lactobacillus found in the products stored at room temperature (13.67x106 cfu/g) compared to the one stored at refrigeration temperature (8.47 x105 cfu/g). There was a steady increase in the total titratable acidity and temperature with concomitant reduction in the pH of samples during the fermentation period. The proximate analysis showed that there was an increase in the protein and moisture contents with decrease in Carbohydrates, fats, fibre and ash contents of the fermented samples compared to the unfermented sample. Under varying pH range, L. plantarum showed high growth and survival at pH 2 to 3. Supplementing the diet of albino rats infected with E. coli and Shigella dysenteriae with fermented products reduces significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the numbers of these pathogens and other enteric bacteria while the number of the Lactobacilli increased considerably. Furthermore, the body weight of the rats fed the fermented product was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher than the control group. Also, the Haematological analysis showed that the rats infected with the pathogens and later fed with the fermented mucuna beans flour recovered fully since their values were well within the permissible limit and were not significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different from the control group. In all, the rats fed with the product fermented with L. plantarum showed good recovery compared to the control. Conclusively, these results suggest that mucuna beans flour fermented with L.plantarum could be used as an ideal probiotic food.

Biography:

BENAHMED DJILALI adiba has completed his PhD at the age of 35 years from Algeria University of Boumerdes. He is teacher in the University of Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi-Ouzou.

Abstract:

The principal objective of this study is to develop a combination between lactic leavens (Lactobacillus thermophilus) and the powder of cardoon flowers (Cynara cardunculus) and their application on yoghurt. The coagulation of milk was optimized by using the two coagulant agents (with a fresh and immobilized state). The results obtained reveal that a quantity of 0.3 g of the powder of cardoon flowers has a speed of very interesting coagulation (2.55 min) in comparison with the use of the mixture optimized M2 (75% of powder ofcardoonflowersand lactic leavens 25%) and the optimized quantity of the leavens (0.1 g) with respectively speeds of coagulation (3.6 min and 22.58 min). The immobilization of the various coagulant agents’ improves the speed of milk coagulation. Indeed, a quantity of 6 g of the beads prepared from the powder of cardoon flowers shows a very fast speed (1.06 min) in comparison with the same quantity of the beads prepared starting from the mixture M2 (3.71 min) and the immobilized leavens (73 min). The beads prepared starting from the powder of cardoon flowers and the mixture M2 can completely substitute the immobilized lactic leavens according to the matrix of similarity (similarity of 70%). Moreover, the beads containing the powder of cardoon flowers improve on the one hand, the speed of coagulation of the yoghurt (one hour and 15 min) in comparison with yoghurt prepared at basis of the immobilized leavens (four hours and 30 min) and on the other hand, the rheological properties were ameliorated (smooth structure and the absence of syneresis phenomenon).

Biography:

Imran Sajid completed his PhD in 2009 from University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. He has worked as guest scientist at the Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Univeristy of Gottingen, Germany and at the Department of Chemistry University of Turku, Finland. Currently he is working as Assistant Professor, at the department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan . He is working with actinomycetes diversity of Pakistan for bioactive natural products discovery and has published about 20 research papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

A rare bioactive Streptomyces strain designated as Streptomyces sp. KLM-2 was isolated from the Khwera salt mines, (Punjab) Pakistan. On the basis of morphological, microscopic, biochemical and physiological, characterization and by 16S rRNA gene sequencing the isolate was identified as a close member of Streptomyces griseus (100% similarity with S. griseus, Gene Bank Accession No. NR-074787). In preliminary screening, the crude extract obtained from the culture broth of this strain showed high cytotoxic activity against larvae of Artemia salinia and exhibited 84% larval mortality. The same cytotoxic/antitumor behavior was observed when the crude extract was screened against three cell lines by MTT assay. The isolate exhibited significant growth inhibition of the proliferating tumorous cells with the IC50 values of 12.17 µg/ml, 47.88 µg/ml and 56.12 µg/ml against Hela, MD-BK and Vero cell lines, respectively. Based on the potent cytotoxic and antitumor activities the isolate was investigated by cultivation upto 20 liters, and subsequent solvent extraction, through an efficient Diaion HP-20 bead extraction technique and purification of the metabolites by manual column chromatography. The preparative screening yielded two pure compounds including Chromomycin SA and 1-(1H-indol-3-yl)propane- 1,2,3-triol. The results indicate that the isolate Streptomyce sp. KLM2 is a potent producer of the antitumor metabolites and can be exploited for the commercial production of these compounds. Further, the Khewara salt mines are a unique and untapped ecological niche and the screening of diverse microbial strains from this source can yield highly useful antitumor compounds.

Biography:

Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi is the holder of a PhD awarded to him by the Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology at Ghent University, Belgium. He completed his BSc and his MSc with honors and received National Awards in his home country, Iran, for being the top student in the field of Virology. Currently, he is working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Microbiology at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract:

The mucosal surfaces are important sites of entry for a majority of microorganism, and viruses in particular. Equine Herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is an example of an invasive virus of the airway mucosa. An essential prerequisite for an effective host attack of the virus is to breach the epithelial cell layer and the underlying Basement Membrane (BM) barrier. In our research, nasal mucosa explants were inoculated with EHV-1 and then double immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect viral antigen positive cells as well as integrin alpha 6, laminin, collagen IV and collagen VII. The breadth of these extracellular matrix proteins was measured in Regions Of Interest (ROI) at a magnification of 200X. ROI were defined beneath non-infected and infected regions. In infected regions, the percentage of ROI were significantly decreased for integrin alpha 6 after 24 hours and 48 hours of inoculation. However, infection did not alter the percentages for laminin and collagen IV. For collagen VII, an increase in the percentage could be observed underneath EHV-1-infected plaques only at 48 hours of inoculation. In conclusion, the results revealed a substantial impact of EHV-1 infection on integrin alpha 6 and collagen VII, two important components of the extracellular matrix, which are normally associated with the basement membrane and may play a role in virus penetration to underlying tissues.

Biography:

Abstract:

Works on discovery of novel probiotic candidates are under running. Commercially, having access to a probiotic that already has industrial functionality in addition to good viability during of food processing and shelf life of product is always advantages. Few studies have been reported regarding probiotic properties of Streptococcus thermophilus strains although this species hugely used as starter culture in the production of yogurt and other dairy products. In this study, 12 isolates of S. thermophilus, that were previously isolated from home-made dairy products, were evaluated with regard to resistance to artifi cial gastric (pH 2.5 containing pepsin) and intestinal (pH 8.0 containing bile and pancreatin) juices, adherence ability to Caco-2 and HT29-MTX-E12 cell lines, hydrophobicity, resistance to antibiotics, and epithelial barrier function (transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) measurement). Although it has been generally assumed that S. thermophilus strains are not resistant to stresses induces in the GIT, the results of this study revealed that susceptibility of almost all of the tested strains to simulated gastric and intestine conditions was signifi cantly lower than for probiotic control strain L. rhamnosus GG under both simulated gastric and intestinal conditions. Regarding to adherence effi ciency to human gut epithelium cell lines, the results showed 7 and 6 out of 12 isolates exhibited signifi cantly superior adherence to Caco-2 and HT29-MTX-E12 than control probiotic L. rhamnosus GG, respectively. TER measurement showed that 3 strains were able to protect Caco-2’s tight junction. Although further investigations are necessary, our results identifi ed some of the S. thermophilus strains as probiotic candidates worth further analysis.

Biography:

Salwa A Aly is currently working as Professor at Department of food and hygiene, Cairo University, Egypt. Her work is mainly based on food borne diseases.

Abstract:

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Milbond (HSCAS) on aflatoxin M1 in artificially contaminated cows milk. Chemisorption compounds used in this experiment were MIlBond, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS). Raw cow milk were artificially exposed to aflatoxin M1 in a concentration of 100 ppb) with addition of Nilbond at 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 % at room temperature for 30 minutes. Aflatoxin M1 was decreased more than 95% by HSCAS at 2%. Milk composition consist of protein, fat, lactose, solid non fat and total solid were affected by addition of some adsorbents were not significantly affected (p 0.05). Tthis method did not involve degrading the toxin, milk may be free from toxin degradation products and is safe for consumption. In addition, the added material may be easily separated from milk after the substance adsorbs the toxin. Thus, this method should be developed by further researches for determining effects of these compounds on functional properties of milk. The ability of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to prevent or reduce the level of aflatoxin MI residues in milk is critically needed. This finding has important implications, because milk is ultimately consumed by humans and animals, and the reduction of aflatoxin contamination in the milk could have an important impact on their health.

Biography:

I completed my PhD in Molecular Genetics from University of Guelph, Canada, my MSc in Microbiology from Yarmouk University of Jordan and my BSc in Medical Technology from Jordan University of science and technology, Jordan. I have 15 years full time experience as assistant professor then associate professor of Molecular genetics, teaching undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as supervise research postgraduate students in various fields related to my speciality. Additionally, I have an excellent level of written and spoken English and Arabic, as well as advanced computer skills.

Abstract:

Background: Genetic polymorphisms of Methylentetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) have significant roles in developing diseases including Helicobacter pylori infection. This association may be mediated through vitamin B-12 deficiency. The aim of this study is to determine any relationship between (c.677C>T) mutation of MTHFR gene, vitamin B-12 deficiency and H. pylori infection among thrombophilic patients.

Methods: A cross sectional study was designed for 130 patients with pulmonary embolism (PE), deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and recurrent abortion from AL Hussein medical city (Amman, Jordan). Laboratory investigations were carried out for vitamin B-12 measurement, H. pylori infection (IgG and IgA) and MTHFR (c.677C>T) gene polymorphisms.

Results: This study showed that the frequency of vitamin B-12 deficiency among thrombophilic patients was 15%, 81% were chronically infected, while 38% were acutely infected with H. pylori. The frequency of MTHFR (c.677C>T) gene polymorphis: wild type 41%, homozygous 14% and heterozygous 45%. There is a significant relationship between H. pylori chronic infection and MTHFR (c.677C>T) gene polymorphism among wild type, homozygous and heterozygous patients. All thrombophilic patients with homozygous MTHFR (c.677C >T) were chronically infected with H. pylori. No statistical significant relationship between MTHFR (c.677C>T) gene polymorphism and vitamin B-12 level and no statistical significant relationship was observed between the concentration of vitamin B-12 and H. pylori infection.

Conclusion: A significant relationship between chronic infection with H. pylori and MTHFR (c.677C>T) gene polymorphism. All thrombophilic patients with homozygous MTHFR (c.677C >T) were chronically infected with H. pylori.

Biography:

Parvin Dehghan has completed her MS and the PhD of Medical mycology from Tehran university of Medical Sciences, in Iran. She is the Director of Mycology & Parasitology Department in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. She has published more than 18 papers in reputed journals in English and Persian.

Abstract:

Despite intensive investigation, the taxonomy of Aspergillus is still highly complex. Recent data indicate that several of the species of this genus cannot be distinguished based on morphological or molecular methods, alone. Aspergillus section Flavi includes more than 25 species and this number is likely to increase significantly in the near future because of increasing application of the phylogenetic species concept based on DNA sequence data rather than on visible morphological characters. A.oryzae and A. sojae species have been used for centuries to make traditional foods and are generally regarded as Safe. The data support the concept that they are derived (domesticated) from the naturally occurring A. flavus and A. parasiticus through adaptation in food industry fermentation. These two latter species produce the potent carcinogen aflatoxin and show many phenotypic similarities with the non-aflatoxignic species. The source of A.parasiticus is soil and it has not been isolated from infections. A. flavus is the major agent responsible for fungal sinusitis, keratits and onychomychosis in tropical and subtropical areas and surpasses A. fumigatus (belongs to section Fumigati) a common etiologic agent of aspergillosis. The genomic size of A. flavus is bigger than the A. fumigatus and that is believed the latter has lost some parts of its genome during the lifetimes. Identification of the organisms are more complex and a combination techniques including morphological characterization, physiological behaviors and molecular methods or an ITS based sequencing strategy are necessary to identify them.

Biography:

Wern Chern Chai has completed his Bachelor of Pharmacy (Hons) at the University of South Australia. He is currently practicing as a Pharmacist (provisional registration) in Adelaide. This research, submitted to the University of South Australia for the BPharm (Hons) award was supervised by two highly regarded microbiologists, Dr. Heather Rickard and Dr. Rietie Venter. His research interests include clinical and applied microbiology, complementary medicines and its microbiological use, pharmacology and quality use of medicines. Under the provision of a scholarship, he is currently undertaking an external research at the University of South Australia and Royal Adelaide Hospital looking at quality use of medicines in patients on statins (drugs used for management of high cholesterol levels).

Abstract:

Antibiotic resistance has been increasing drastically over the years despite efforts against unnecessary use of antibiotics. The ability of cells to form drug resistant biofilms, a complex architecture of cells encased in an extracellular polymeric matrix, is one of the many reasons for the failure of antibacterial treatment. A classic example is the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa which forms biofilms on medical devices and living tissues, which is intrinsically resistant against a wide range of antibiotics. P. aeruginosa release virulence factors such as pyocyanin, pyochelin and pyoverdine which contributes to tissue damage. We previously showed that olive leaf extract has anti-microbial activity against Gram-positive microorganisms, including that of MRSA. The important secoiridoids found in olive leaf such as oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and verbascoside could play a role in the anti-microbial activity of olive leaf extracts. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of olive leaf extracts and its phenolic compounds on planktonic cell growth, biofilm formation and excretion of cellular virulence factors of P. aeruginosa. The effect of the extracts and its phenolic compounds on bacterial motility, which is an indication of virulence, was also investigated. Given the growing concerns of antibiotic resistance, it is imperative that new therapies are developed. While the discovery of antibiotics have been considered a wonder of the century; the real wonder are the extraordinary genetic capacities these microorganisms has. Hence this study may suggest that harnessing of plant-derived agent for use as alternative therapy to promote interventions by addressing the crisis of biofilm-induced antibiotic resistance.

Biography:

Kvasničková E is a PhD student at the University of Chemical Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biotechnology. She is an author or co-author of 1 paper in peer-reviewed international journal (impact 0.604), and 6 papers in conference proceedings.

Abstract:

Biofilms are highly organized matrix-enclosed microbial communities irreversibly attached to a surface. The phenotype and gene transcription of cells in these communities is changed and they are capable to contaminate medical instruments and industrial devices or induce most serious problem – initiation of serious biofilm-associated human infections. The possible solution is to stop the biofilm formation by inhibition of microbial adhesion on the surface of such devices or to eradicate a pre-formed biofilm. In this study, we propose the option of biofilm treatment by natural substances as an alternative solution. The selected natural substances were flavonoid baicalein and polysaccharide chitosan. Polyene antibiotic amphotericin B, in medicine typically used drug often ineffective for biofilm-associated infections treatment, was used as the control. The representatives of opportunistic pathogenic yeasts were Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei and Trichosporon cutaneum. These yeast strains were cultivated in 96-wells polystyrene microtiter plates and the colonized area of the well bottom was measured using a Cellavista device. We confirmed the insensitivity of amphotericin B in almost all cases, contrary to efficiency of baicalein and chitosan in significant decreasing of the colonized area in the wells. Baicalein exhibits high effectivity especially in reduction of pre-formed biofilm biomass. On the other hand, chitosan is primarily effective in microbial adhesion inhibition. Our results suggest that the application of natural substances could be a promising way for biofilm infections treatment.

Biography:

Woei Kean Ng currently is a 3rd year PhD student in University Sains Malaysia. His research mainly focuses on the study of FcRn in the application of diagnostic. He has also conducted study on development of diagnostic test to identify the antibiotic resistance bacteria in tertiary hospital.

Abstract:

Neonatal Fc-receptor plays an important role in maintaining the serum half-life of antibodies. This unique function had been explored in various studies in order to improve the pharmacokinetics of human immunoglobulin G (hIg G) in vivo. FcRn is composed of a α-chain which non-covalently associates with a β-chain, named β-2-microglobulin (β2m). Studies have shown that the α-chain contains several interaction sites to the Fc segment of IgG, while β2m is important for the proper folding of FcRn. Genetic expression of FcRn has been conducted in many eukaryotic tissues, ranging from mammalian tissue to yeast, and also prokaryotic organism. Study designed by Andersen et al. had shown the production of functional FcRn in bacteria. However, protein refolding step is required to ensure the native activity of FcRn. In this study, we have demonstrated a novel expression strategy by using bacterial system, which produces the functional α-chain of FcRn. Expression vector that carries the cDNA of α-chain, was transformed into expression host, Rosetta-Gami 2. The bacterial culture was grown at 22°C for 16 hours after induction in a modify growth medium. The α-chain was expressed as soluble supernatant after sonication and centrifugation. The results of ELISA have indicated the native affinity of the α-chain towards hIgG and also retained its unique pH-dependent binding to the antibody. Our study proposed that the binding of FcRn to IgG may remain active in the absence of its β-chain. Further study will be conducted to confirm this finding.

Biography:

Olga Genilloud holds a PhD in Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid and has extended research experience in microbial natural products in the academic, clinical and big pharma R&D environments. Currently, she is the Scientific Director of the non-profit research organization Fundacion MEDINA established from the former MSD-Spain R&D programs, she leads the discovery programs and the international collaborations with academic centers, large pharma and biotechnology companies. As recognized leader in her field, she has an extended list of more than 100 publications in international peer-review journals and book chapters, and 17 international patents.

Abstract:

MEDINA is a non-profit research center focused on the discovery of novel drug candidates from microbial natural products and one of the richest and most diverse microbial collections currently in expansion. This microbial collection harbors more than 116.000 strains from a wide diversity of environments and is at the origin of our collaborative discovery research programs. One of our objectives is to enrich these collections with new and diverse strains from untapped environments, and to continue to exploit the existing microbial collection through culture-based approaches in order to succeed in maximizing the chemical diversity of our libraries. Our research in microbial natural products is focused on the isolation and identification of novel microbial species with the potential to produce novel compounds with biological activity to be developed as potential new leads to respond to unmet medical needs. Despite the efforts to diversify the microbial sources, it is well known that only a small fraction of microbial species have been investigated, and that a large diversity of microbial sources remains largely underexplored, opening new avenues for the isolation of new strains previously not cultivated. MEDINA is also exploring novel approaches to mine the so-called microbial dark matter and is isolating and domesticating in laboratory culture conditions new taxa previously reported only from metagenomic libraries. A selection of success cases that support the approaches developed in our center will be discussed.

Biography:

Eduardo Orrego-Escobar studied Biology in Pontifical University Catholic of Valparaiso, and after develop diverse postgraduate studies in Biotechnology and Biomedicine. He work in many courses of biological sciences in undergraduate levels for health careers in Saint Thomas University and University of Atacama, Copiapo, Chile. Actually he is the director of Basic Sciences Department of Saint Thomas University at Copiapo, and conduct a research project that is searching new compounds with antimicrobial properties in endemic plants and coastal macroalgaes of Atacama, Chile. He has published several articles in biomedicine journals and serving as reviewer and editorial board member of several biomedical journals.

Abstract:

In South America has been used algae for production of alginates (Lessonia sp), carragenin (Gigartina sp.), agar (Gracilaria sp.), but is very incipient the research on biomedical applications, specifically as source of new antimicrobial drugs. This work is focused in characterization of antibacterial and antimycotic properties of principal species of macroalgaes from coast of Caldera, Atacama region. Algal material was collected from intermareal zone. In the lab was washed with sodium hypochlorite solution 0,2% and after rinsed several times with distilled water. After this, the material was dried by 96 hours to 45° Celsius. Once dry, the material was powdered and put into Soxhlet apparatus to obtain the extract organic (acetone/methanol 80/20) and hydroalcoholic (ethanol 80%). Once obtained the extracts was concentrated by vapor-rotatory until obtain a stock with concentration of 50mg/mL.
The extracts was tested against bacterial strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, was considered three serial dilutions by extracts. The results was compared with antibiotic sensi-discs as positive control and pure solvents as negative control. Rhodophytas was strongly active against Gram negative strains, in contrast Chlorophyta and some rhodophyta was active against Gram positive strains.
Phytochemical screening was performed by chromatic test. Was detected flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids as principal compounds present in extract.

Biography:

Farhad Niknejad graduated from Tehran university of Medical Sciences on 18 Feb 2011 for PhD degree in Medical Mycology. He is a faculty member of Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Mycotoxin analysis and mycotoxin producing fungi are his interest field of study.

Abstract:

Introduction: Effective and widespread photo catalytic techniques are being developed for applications including disinfection, water cleaning, air pollution, pharmaceutical and food industry, biological and environmental problems. Since the structured and chemical composition of the spores of bacteria is rough and provisionally non fertile, the resistance of the gram positive bacteria species like Bacillus spores that commonly live in soil and water, to a vast range of chemicals and UV light are 5 to 50 times more than their vegetative cells. Due to the antibacterial activity of UV light and photo-catalysts such as (TiO2) titanium dioxide, TiO2/UV, they are being examined as a viable inactivation to a wide range of harmful microorganisms and providing as a treatment of pathogenic bacteria.

Materials & Methods: In this study the photocatalytic deactivation of two fungiʼs spores (Aspergillus parasiticus and Candida albicans) and spore of bacteria (Bcillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus) were investigated by using Tio2 NPs (0.1-2 g/L) and UV light in a reactor.

Results: The activity of UV and TiO2 increased with exposure time to 2 hours. TiO2 alone did not show significant antibacterial and antifungal activity.

Conclusion: These results showed that the quantity of sterilization could be affected by the type of catalyst, exposure time, UV wavelength and average nanoparticle size and the photocatalytic disinfection against spore species. They were mainly effective in UVC and the rate of inactivation improved by the presence of TiO2 NPs and increasing the exposure time. These particles could be used as a significant fungicide and bactericide in agricultural applications and food industry.

Biography:

Abstract:

Many rhizospheric bacteria have plant growth promoting activities like Siderophore production, production, phosphate solubilization, HCN production, biofertilization, antifungal activity and ACC deaminase production. Some of the isolates have bioremediation/biodegradation abilities. These isolates were characterized by molecular methods (16s rDNA). Some of the names of identified isolates are Acinetobacter radioresistens SMA4, Bacillus sp. Castellaniella denitrificans SA13P, Enterococcus faecium, Lysobacter sp.; Providencia sp.; Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida SKR5. The bacterial isolates and various properties exhibited by them will be discussed in detail during the presentation.

Biography:

Dr. Ravindra P. V. has obtained his Ph.D., from Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), India in 2008 and postdoctoral training from University of Chicago, Chicago and from National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland. Currently, he works as an Asst. Professor, Academy Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) and a Ramalingaswami Fellow in Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore. He has published 26 articles in reputed journals. He is a member of various professional societies that includes, American Virological Society, USA, Indian Society for Veterinary Immunology and Biotechnology (ISVIB), Society for Biological Chemists, India. He also serves as an editorial board member of ‘Frontiers in Virology’, ‘The Scientific World Journal’, and ‘Bioscience, Bioengineering, and Biotechnology International journal’. Further, he also serves as a reviewer of ‘Molecular Therapy’, ‘Journal of Clinical Microbiology’, ‘Virus Research’, ‘Virology Journal’, and ‘Vaccine’ journals.

Abstract:

In the present study, the in-vivo antineoplastic effect of the NDV HN protein was investigated using a Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-induced tumor model in chicken. Signs of tumor contraction, formation of scars at the injection site, a decrease in the mitotic, AgNOR, PCNA indices, increase in TUNEL positive nuclei and cells with a condensed nucleus compared to the control groups suggested that the NDV HN protein was capable of inducing tumor regression through the induction of apoptosis in RSV-induced tumors in chicken. The present study suggests that the NDV HN protein could be a potential candidate for the treatment of cancer(s) in the future.